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Male Fertility

Environmental factors

Studies have shown that certain environmental factors can have negative effects on male fertility. Overexposure to these factors, such as toxic chemicals or heat, can

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Cryptorchidism

The testes begin to develop around the fifth week of pregnancy, and by birth have undergone a process known as testicular descent, where they move

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Kruger’s Morphology

Kruger’s Strict Criteria Morphology Assessment    One of the parameters assessed during a sperm analysis is morphology, the shape, and structure of the sperm cell. 

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Anti-sperm Antibodies

Under regular conditions, sperm cells do not come into contact with the body’s immune system.  However, if the barrier which enforces this is broken, due

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DNA Fragmentation

While semen analysis is a widely used tool for measuring sperm concentration, motility, and morphology, it does not on its own provide a full picture

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Azoospermia

Overview / Definition Azoospermia is a condition found in approximately 1% of all males.  Evaluation of this condition is defined after a qualified search confirming

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Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia

Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) is a common cause of male subfertility.  It is a condition which includes oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia.  In other words, the patient’s diagnosis

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Oligospermia

Oligospermia, sometimes called oligozoospermia, is the term used to describe a low sperm count.  A diagnosis is usually given following at least two semen analyses,

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Hormonal Levels

In order for sperm to be produced normally, the male hormone cycle must be functioning normally. When a male is being assessed for potential infertility,

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