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Diagnostic Tools

Medical Background

The physician will try to find causes for infertility by asking questions about any inherited conditions, chronic health problems, illnesses, injuries or surgeries that could

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Physical Examination

Part of determining the factors that contribute to male infertility is to conduct a thorough general physical examination which includes 1) palpating on the testicles

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Hamster Test

The hamster egg penetration test (HEPT) was first developed in the 1970s. It is observed on the observation that upon removal of the zona pellucida of

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Medical History

The very first step in evaluating the fertility of a patient is receiving a thorough medical history.  The evaluating doctor will ask about previous evaluations,

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Semen Analysis

Semen analysis is one of the first steps taken in the search process of diagnosing the causes of otherwise unexplained male infertility. A Seminogram (also

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Kruger’s Morphology

Kruger’s Strict Criteria Morphology Assessment    One of the parameters assessed during a sperm analysis is morphology, the shape, and structure of the sperm cell. 

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Anti-sperm Antibodies

Under regular conditions, sperm cells do not come into contact with the body’s immune system.  However, if the barrier which enforces this is broken, due

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DNA Fragmentation

While semen analysis is a widely used tool for measuring sperm concentration, motility, and morphology, it does not on its own provide a full picture

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PCT – post-coital test

The post-coital test (PCT) is an analysis sometimes performed following intercourse to determine if the sperm cells are able to successfully swim through the woman’s

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Fructose Test

Fructose is the sugar of the semen, providing energy for the sperm cells and allowed them to remain motile and vital.   A fructose test is

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