Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) is another procedure performed on men who have a sperm production problem and are azoospermic (non-obstructive azoospermia). MicroTESE is performed in the operating room with general anesthesia under the operating microscope. MicroTESE is a more advanced procedure compared to other sperm retrieval surgeries, has significantly improved sperm retrieval rates in azoospermic men, and is a safer procedure since less testicular tissue is removed.